The department of pediatric health and diseases, also known as pediatrics, is the branch of science that deals with the diagnosis, follow-up and treatment of individuals involved in the process from birth to adolescence. Between the ages of 0 and 18, the congenital diseases of the people defined as children, the postnatal vaccine that should be applied regularly, mental, physical and motor development are followed by pediatricians. In the routine examinations carried out in this process, many processes such as the development of the babies’ height, weight, nutrition and similar development as well as the development of daily life skills, expression and understanding, neurological and psychological developments are checked and followed. Physicians who deal with the difficult diagnosis and treatment of the diseases of babies who have not yet developed communication skills, perform the examinations of individuals in childhood, taking their psychology into consideration. Pediatric physicians after 6 years of medical school education, they specialize in pediatrics for 4 years. There are many sub-branches of the Department of Child Health and Diseases. Pediatricians specializing in these branches undergo additional training.